Body language, which is best defined as a non-verbal form of communication showed through facial expressions, gestures, posture, and body movements, says a lot about one’s personality. In essence, if you want to achieve an effective personality, you will also need to improve your body language.
There are many ways you can improve your body language, but like most things, it needs practice and consistency so that it will become part of you, and not just something you can do for a certain period of time. If you want to develop your personality in a positive way, you need to be aware of your own body language and make sure it adheres to what is generally perceived as positive body language.
These are just some of the different body language examples that you should follow.
Maintaining eye contact is a sign of respect and interest towards the other person. If someone is talking and you make sure you are keeping your eyes focused on them then this will make them feel that you are in fact interested in what they have to say.
Another body language is your facial expression. If you are always frowning, this would indicate that you have a negative aura, and this will push others away. Whereas if you are constantly seen smiling, you are going to attract other sunny and happy people to you.
Posture is also very important. You need to sit properly, avoid slouching, and if you can, keep an open posture at all times, leaning towards the speaker whenever necessary, to show that you are interested.
Don’ts for Body Language
Just as there are various body language movements and expressions you need to have, there are also those you need to do away with. These kinds of body language are negative, and not at all helpful in projecting a pleasant or winning personality.
• Fidgeting. This would only indicate nervousness and will make the other person doubt your credibility or your ability.
• Standing too close. When you are too close to someone, physically, it will make the other person uncomfortable and will also trigger them to think you are invading their personal space.
• Staring. Though it may not always be the case, staring is considered rude. While you maintain eye contact towards the other person, do not overdo it to the point of staring.
• Crossing your arms. This would indicate resistance on your part, so if someone is talking to you and you are crossing your arms, you will make the other person think that you really are not agreeing to what they have to say and you are making it known to them.
Practice Makes Perfect
As mentioned earlier, it is recommended that you keep practicing in order for these body languages to become natural for you. Now that you are already aware of the do’s and don’ts, you can easily figure out which ones you need to get used to and which ones you need to get rid of. And little by little, on a daily basis, you need to practice and maintain good body language. Constantly remind yourself of what gestures, movements, and expressions you should have until it will be innate in you.
Your personality can be molded into what you have always wanted. You can attain a winning personality which everyone will admire you for. While you can always work on the way you verbally communicate, improve your confidence, and build a positive aura around you, you also need to be aware of your own body language. Look at yourself in the mirror while you talk and notice every form of body language you portray. Are these positive? If there are those that you do not like, make an effort to eliminate them.
Wednesday, July 14, 2010
Importance of Speech in Personality Development
In every aspect of our life, a good personality holds a very important value. Whether you are a budding professional, an established career person, or perhaps a home-maker, it is something that will help you develop and maintain solid relationships with others.
One of the key facets of personality development is speech. This is the ability of a person to effectively communicate verbally. Some people are gifted with verbal communication skills, while others are simply to shy and unsure of their abilities to even want to try. Speech is important in so many ways; be it at home, at school, or at the workplace, you need to be able to articulate well the thoughts and ideas you have.
In personality development, the importance of speech is summed up into two: perception, and expression. By reading further, you can acquire a better understanding of what we are talking about.
Gaining Positive Perception from Others
Human as we are, we often judge others by what we see. We easily have our own perception on what is going on around us. In the same way, our perception of others can be influenced by the way they speak and the message they are trying to relay. This is one of the reasons why speech is very important in personality development.
You see, if we are careful with our speech, whether formal or informal, we can gain a positive perception from our peers, colleagues, and our superiors. If we are fond of using negative words, for example, people will tend to think that we have a bad personality. On the other hand, if we talk with grace, finesse, and confidence, then it is common for others to perceive us as someone with a pleasing personality.
Putting Into Words Our Thoughts and Ideas through Oral Expression
It is, without doubt, very difficult to improve our personality if we cannot even verbalize what it is we want to say. If we hesitate to speak on fear of being misjudged by others, if we are too shy and scared to open our mouth in a gathering, it will really be difficult for us to develop our personality.
Part of our development is derived from what we learn from others, but if we have poor oral communication skills and refuse to do something about it, then we are blocking the doors for growth. Being able to express ourselves through speech is essential to build relationships with people, but if we keep on holding back and decline any opportunity to improve, then nothing good will ever come out of it.
Tips to Improve Your Speech Communication Skills
There is always a way around a problem, and if speech is something you are finding hard to deal with, you should not worry as there is a way to solve this. Here are some tips you will find useful in your goal to communicate effectively by means of speech. By following these, you are already doing your part to not only speak better, but to improve your personality as well.
First of all, you should be confident about yourself. You need to believe that you are capable of verbally expressing yourself. Secondly, use polite speech and body language. Now this is something other people miss out on; the words you use and the actions you make will show the type of person you are so this is something you should be careful of. Thirdly, modulate your voice and do not speak too fast or too slow. Voice quality, along with body language and content, always plays a very crucial role on how people will perceive you when you speak.
One of the key facets of personality development is speech. This is the ability of a person to effectively communicate verbally. Some people are gifted with verbal communication skills, while others are simply to shy and unsure of their abilities to even want to try. Speech is important in so many ways; be it at home, at school, or at the workplace, you need to be able to articulate well the thoughts and ideas you have.
In personality development, the importance of speech is summed up into two: perception, and expression. By reading further, you can acquire a better understanding of what we are talking about.
Gaining Positive Perception from Others
Human as we are, we often judge others by what we see. We easily have our own perception on what is going on around us. In the same way, our perception of others can be influenced by the way they speak and the message they are trying to relay. This is one of the reasons why speech is very important in personality development.
You see, if we are careful with our speech, whether formal or informal, we can gain a positive perception from our peers, colleagues, and our superiors. If we are fond of using negative words, for example, people will tend to think that we have a bad personality. On the other hand, if we talk with grace, finesse, and confidence, then it is common for others to perceive us as someone with a pleasing personality.
Putting Into Words Our Thoughts and Ideas through Oral Expression
It is, without doubt, very difficult to improve our personality if we cannot even verbalize what it is we want to say. If we hesitate to speak on fear of being misjudged by others, if we are too shy and scared to open our mouth in a gathering, it will really be difficult for us to develop our personality.
Part of our development is derived from what we learn from others, but if we have poor oral communication skills and refuse to do something about it, then we are blocking the doors for growth. Being able to express ourselves through speech is essential to build relationships with people, but if we keep on holding back and decline any opportunity to improve, then nothing good will ever come out of it.
Tips to Improve Your Speech Communication Skills
There is always a way around a problem, and if speech is something you are finding hard to deal with, you should not worry as there is a way to solve this. Here are some tips you will find useful in your goal to communicate effectively by means of speech. By following these, you are already doing your part to not only speak better, but to improve your personality as well.
First of all, you should be confident about yourself. You need to believe that you are capable of verbally expressing yourself. Secondly, use polite speech and body language. Now this is something other people miss out on; the words you use and the actions you make will show the type of person you are so this is something you should be careful of. Thirdly, modulate your voice and do not speak too fast or too slow. Voice quality, along with body language and content, always plays a very crucial role on how people will perceive you when you speak.
How to Avoid Negative Thoughts
Every individual’s personality is characterized by patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. Our mind and behavior are closely connected to each other. We manifest into actions what we think. We react either positively or negatively according to what we think. A person who tends to entertain more of the negative thoughts than the positive ones is someone who possesses a not-so-good personality.
It follows that if you think negatively most of the time, you also manifest undesirable behaviors and outlook in life. So, do not be surprised if people will not really take time to interact with you or if those around you would pitch in negative remarks about your personality. It is because people tend to enjoy the company of those who have positive thoughts and attitude. Here are some effective methods in avoiding pessimistic thoughts.
Positive Thinking
The power of positive thinking is so prevailing that it can eradicate depressing thoughts in your mind. Also, you must know that once you start to entertain more optimistic thoughts, you will attract more of the positive vibes and situations. According to the law of attraction, whatever your thoughts give out to the universe, the universe will simply respond according to those thoughts.
Positive thinking is known to be a mental attitude that seeks for constructive and favorable outcomes. When we think of affirmative and encouraging thoughts, it becomes apparent in our words and actions. These are essential in our success and growth in life, career, experiences, and relationships.
For example, you are in a final interview for the job position you have always aimed for. Instead of thinking of failing and the what if’s, you might as well prepare for your responses to the possible questions. Think of getting the job rather than being nervous of the other applicants. Once you have this kind of mental attitude, you will find out that you will exude more confidence in answering and presenting yourself.
In order to develop positive thinking, use affirmative words while thinking and talking. You can also watch feel-good movies such as comedy flicks. Try reading a few lines from an inspiring book or article everyday. Mingle with people who think positively most of the time. Think of past experiences that relieve happy memories such as family vacation, bonding with friends, or bonding moments with your dog.
Affirmations
As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the use of affirmative words can help improve positive thinking. These are positive words and statement that we can use in our communication with other people. They describe situations, events, goals in a positive manner. Affirmations need to be repeated either mentally or verbally with sincerity and eagerness until it is brought into the subconscious mind and automatically becomes a part of it. Our subconscious adapts to these new ways of thinking so we tend to develop better habits and attitudes and even create new skills.
Some examples of affirmative words are “I am able to”, “I can”, and “It is possible”. Avoid the use of vague and negative expressions such as “no”. You may also create your own power dialogues and keep on repeating it everyday until your mind becomes accustomed to it.
Creative Visualization
Creative visualization is another effective method to avoid negative thoughts. This is a process of painting a picture in your mind on the things that you wish to happen in your life or the things you wish to achieve. Because our mind is so powerful, it can create a vivid imagination of our thoughts. For example, every time you feel down, try to simply visualize a baby who looks so adorable. When you think of such thought, your mind clears away the problems and happy thoughts dominate the subconscious.
Do not hesitate to think big and dream big. Visualize yourself having an abundant wealth, living in your dream house, driving your dream car, and living a more satisfying life. There is definitely no harm to think of big ambitions.
It follows that if you think negatively most of the time, you also manifest undesirable behaviors and outlook in life. So, do not be surprised if people will not really take time to interact with you or if those around you would pitch in negative remarks about your personality. It is because people tend to enjoy the company of those who have positive thoughts and attitude. Here are some effective methods in avoiding pessimistic thoughts.
Positive Thinking
The power of positive thinking is so prevailing that it can eradicate depressing thoughts in your mind. Also, you must know that once you start to entertain more optimistic thoughts, you will attract more of the positive vibes and situations. According to the law of attraction, whatever your thoughts give out to the universe, the universe will simply respond according to those thoughts.
Positive thinking is known to be a mental attitude that seeks for constructive and favorable outcomes. When we think of affirmative and encouraging thoughts, it becomes apparent in our words and actions. These are essential in our success and growth in life, career, experiences, and relationships.
For example, you are in a final interview for the job position you have always aimed for. Instead of thinking of failing and the what if’s, you might as well prepare for your responses to the possible questions. Think of getting the job rather than being nervous of the other applicants. Once you have this kind of mental attitude, you will find out that you will exude more confidence in answering and presenting yourself.
In order to develop positive thinking, use affirmative words while thinking and talking. You can also watch feel-good movies such as comedy flicks. Try reading a few lines from an inspiring book or article everyday. Mingle with people who think positively most of the time. Think of past experiences that relieve happy memories such as family vacation, bonding with friends, or bonding moments with your dog.
Affirmations
As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the use of affirmative words can help improve positive thinking. These are positive words and statement that we can use in our communication with other people. They describe situations, events, goals in a positive manner. Affirmations need to be repeated either mentally or verbally with sincerity and eagerness until it is brought into the subconscious mind and automatically becomes a part of it. Our subconscious adapts to these new ways of thinking so we tend to develop better habits and attitudes and even create new skills.
Some examples of affirmative words are “I am able to”, “I can”, and “It is possible”. Avoid the use of vague and negative expressions such as “no”. You may also create your own power dialogues and keep on repeating it everyday until your mind becomes accustomed to it.
Creative Visualization
Creative visualization is another effective method to avoid negative thoughts. This is a process of painting a picture in your mind on the things that you wish to happen in your life or the things you wish to achieve. Because our mind is so powerful, it can create a vivid imagination of our thoughts. For example, every time you feel down, try to simply visualize a baby who looks so adorable. When you think of such thought, your mind clears away the problems and happy thoughts dominate the subconscious.
Do not hesitate to think big and dream big. Visualize yourself having an abundant wealth, living in your dream house, driving your dream car, and living a more satisfying life. There is definitely no harm to think of big ambitions.
How to Enhance Your Personality
Many of us go to great lengths just to improve our personality. We want to be admired by everyone in terms of the way we look and the way we dress up. That is why some people would spend money going to salons and derma clinics just to look and feel good. You want to impress others with the way you think and the way you interact with them. So those who lack the confidence in their communication and interaction skills really make an effort to become better in conversations or socializing with other people....
Many of us are so concerned with how people perceive us and what they can say about our personalities. And in enhancing our personality, there are different aspects of our human character that we can focus on. They say that an impressive personality is a total package of an individual’s mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and general well-being..
Be Physically Appealing
Our physical traits are one of the aspects in assessing our characters. It is because how we carry our physical attributes reflects our inner personality. It is usually with our outer appearance that causes people to initially create an impression. To boost your personality, you need to make sure you appear physically appealing and attractive with your manner of dressing, the way you put on make-up, the way you do your hair, and the way you present yourself to people. It does not necessarily mean that you have to wear flashy clothes and or a really made-up hairdo just to get people’s attention. It simply means being neat, well-groomed, maintaining a good posture, and properly dressed for the appropriate situation.
Everyone is attracted to someone who keeps a neat and well-groomed appearance. When leaving the house, make sure that your hair is neatly combed or brushed and the nails are trimmed. Take a shower daily to be fresh all the time. Double check yourself and your attire in the mirror before leaving and make sure that your outfit does not catch attention by either being sloppily dressed or overly dressed. You must care for your body by keeping it healthy. A regular exercise or engaging in sports will keep you physically fit.
Widen Your Knowledge and Experience
Our everyday encounters with various situations and different kinds of people are huge factors in molding our personalities. You need to gather as many experiences as you can wherever you may be. It is through these experiences that we get to understand who we really are and how we are in dealing with unfamiliar circumstances.
Never hesitate to learn many new things. Doing so only expands your horizons and develops undiscovered skills in other aspects. Take interest in your surroundings and be keenly observant.
Be interested in people and learn what they want. Find out their preferences, interests, beliefs, and actions. Attend social occasions and gatherings where you get the chance to meet new acquaintances. Travel a lot to places you want to go and discover. Traveling provides exposure and is guaranteed to broaden one’s knowledge and experience which, in turn, broaden one’s mind to many things.
Develop a Likeable Attitude
If you want to make people like you, learn to like yourself first and be likeable. Once you develop a good personality, people will easily admire and like you. Reflect on what you like and what you dislike about yourself. Take note of your assets and positive aspects. Develop an attitude that will be impressive to others. In augmenting your personality, this aspect is way more challenging than boosting the physical appearance.
It is important to learn to admit your weaknesses and flaws and then do something to correct them. Never tell yourself that this is all that you are and you cannot do anything about yourself anymore. There is always a chance to change if you are more than willing to go through it.
Many of us are so concerned with how people perceive us and what they can say about our personalities. And in enhancing our personality, there are different aspects of our human character that we can focus on. They say that an impressive personality is a total package of an individual’s mental, physical, emotional, spiritual, and general well-being..
Be Physically Appealing
Our physical traits are one of the aspects in assessing our characters. It is because how we carry our physical attributes reflects our inner personality. It is usually with our outer appearance that causes people to initially create an impression. To boost your personality, you need to make sure you appear physically appealing and attractive with your manner of dressing, the way you put on make-up, the way you do your hair, and the way you present yourself to people. It does not necessarily mean that you have to wear flashy clothes and or a really made-up hairdo just to get people’s attention. It simply means being neat, well-groomed, maintaining a good posture, and properly dressed for the appropriate situation.
Everyone is attracted to someone who keeps a neat and well-groomed appearance. When leaving the house, make sure that your hair is neatly combed or brushed and the nails are trimmed. Take a shower daily to be fresh all the time. Double check yourself and your attire in the mirror before leaving and make sure that your outfit does not catch attention by either being sloppily dressed or overly dressed. You must care for your body by keeping it healthy. A regular exercise or engaging in sports will keep you physically fit.
Widen Your Knowledge and Experience
Our everyday encounters with various situations and different kinds of people are huge factors in molding our personalities. You need to gather as many experiences as you can wherever you may be. It is through these experiences that we get to understand who we really are and how we are in dealing with unfamiliar circumstances.
Never hesitate to learn many new things. Doing so only expands your horizons and develops undiscovered skills in other aspects. Take interest in your surroundings and be keenly observant.
Be interested in people and learn what they want. Find out their preferences, interests, beliefs, and actions. Attend social occasions and gatherings where you get the chance to meet new acquaintances. Travel a lot to places you want to go and discover. Traveling provides exposure and is guaranteed to broaden one’s knowledge and experience which, in turn, broaden one’s mind to many things.
Develop a Likeable Attitude
If you want to make people like you, learn to like yourself first and be likeable. Once you develop a good personality, people will easily admire and like you. Reflect on what you like and what you dislike about yourself. Take note of your assets and positive aspects. Develop an attitude that will be impressive to others. In augmenting your personality, this aspect is way more challenging than boosting the physical appearance.
It is important to learn to admit your weaknesses and flaws and then do something to correct them. Never tell yourself that this is all that you are and you cannot do anything about yourself anymore. There is always a chance to change if you are more than willing to go through it.
How to Develop Positive Personality
Every person has a unique personality that characterizes the totality of being an individual. Our personalities may be perceived by others as good or bad. People see you and think of you as having a bad personality if you tend not to socialize, you always seem grumpy and overly serious, you think more of pessimistic thoughts, and you do not look presentable with your manner of dressing. On the other hand, you are known to have a good personality if you have a cheerful disposition, you appear neat and well-groomed, and you have a desirable attitude.
Have a Positive Outlook in Life
Take a self-reflection of how you envision your life and the way you deal with life and people everyday. Do you think of consequences and failure when in a situation instead of thinking of ways and means on how to face it? Do you view life as pointless and useless because you cannot seem to find your purpose? If this is how you perceive life to be, it is time to change to a positive outlook.
Firstly, find out what you really want to happen with your life, your career, business, or relationship with other people. Know where you are going and what you love to do. Set personal goals to determine what you wish to attain. This will give you a sense of direction and determination. Of course, knowing how to achieve these goals is very important. You need to know what to do and if you need the help of other people to reach these goal..
Entertain Positive Thoughts
Having a generally positive outlook in life can also help develop positive thoughts. Keeping an optimistic mind also keeps one’s viewpoints positive. When you have set your goals, always keep telling yourself that you will achieve them and believe that you will. Trust that you can do the things you wish to attain, and believe in your capabilities to manifest them. This includes thinking of positive thoughts, visualizing them, and materializing those ambitions.
For example, if you desire to live an abundant life, picture yourself out in a lavish and wealthy living. Focus on that goal and work for it. Of course, it will not be that easy to achieve it if you are only stuck with your thoughts. There has to be an action plan to make your dreams come true.
Maintain a Positive Attitude
Keeping a positive attitude is another way to develop a positive personality. Build your level of courtesy toward others. Show consideration and respect for them by giving a warm smile, saying ‘thank you’ to show appreciation, and listening when someone is talking.
These are but just a few of the many ways to manifest courtesy. Also, be understanding and caring to other people’s needs. Everyone appreciates and admires a person who shows genuine understanding. It is a way of keeping good relationships with other people.
Be enthusiastic and show confidence in whatever you do. Someone who manifests enthusiasm can easily attain success. For example, if you take your work and the tasks assigned to you wholeheartedly and with eagerness, it will not be that difficult to accomplish whatever needs to be done since you have the passion to do it. Smile a lot rather than frown.A smile can make a big difference in a chaotic and complicated situation. A smile can be a cure for a broken relationship. A sincere smile shows that you hold no grudges against others.
Have a Positive Outlook in Life
Take a self-reflection of how you envision your life and the way you deal with life and people everyday. Do you think of consequences and failure when in a situation instead of thinking of ways and means on how to face it? Do you view life as pointless and useless because you cannot seem to find your purpose? If this is how you perceive life to be, it is time to change to a positive outlook.
Firstly, find out what you really want to happen with your life, your career, business, or relationship with other people. Know where you are going and what you love to do. Set personal goals to determine what you wish to attain. This will give you a sense of direction and determination. Of course, knowing how to achieve these goals is very important. You need to know what to do and if you need the help of other people to reach these goal..
Entertain Positive Thoughts
Having a generally positive outlook in life can also help develop positive thoughts. Keeping an optimistic mind also keeps one’s viewpoints positive. When you have set your goals, always keep telling yourself that you will achieve them and believe that you will. Trust that you can do the things you wish to attain, and believe in your capabilities to manifest them. This includes thinking of positive thoughts, visualizing them, and materializing those ambitions.
For example, if you desire to live an abundant life, picture yourself out in a lavish and wealthy living. Focus on that goal and work for it. Of course, it will not be that easy to achieve it if you are only stuck with your thoughts. There has to be an action plan to make your dreams come true.
Maintain a Positive Attitude
Keeping a positive attitude is another way to develop a positive personality. Build your level of courtesy toward others. Show consideration and respect for them by giving a warm smile, saying ‘thank you’ to show appreciation, and listening when someone is talking.
These are but just a few of the many ways to manifest courtesy. Also, be understanding and caring to other people’s needs. Everyone appreciates and admires a person who shows genuine understanding. It is a way of keeping good relationships with other people.
Be enthusiastic and show confidence in whatever you do. Someone who manifests enthusiasm can easily attain success. For example, if you take your work and the tasks assigned to you wholeheartedly and with eagerness, it will not be that difficult to accomplish whatever needs to be done since you have the passion to do it. Smile a lot rather than frown.A smile can make a big difference in a chaotic and complicated situation. A smile can be a cure for a broken relationship. A sincere smile shows that you hold no grudges against others.
Know Your Personality
How well do you know yourself? How well do your friends and other people know you? At times, we may think that we completely know our true selves but we may not realize that there are certain things about us that we are not aware of.
Did you ever experience being described by others as such when you think it is not you? We have a component of our personality called the unconscious that transcends our conscious self. So beyond our known personal identities, we manifest certain traits and characteristics that we barely recognize from within ourselves.
It is important to know your personality and get in touch with your real identity because your personality defines your character. Also, it is one of the reasons that people are easily able to achieve their goals in life and attain success. Understanding your true personality makes you a more satisfied and content individual in terms of appreciating life, your career, and relationships with people. In what ways can you determine your personality?
Did you ever experience being described by others as such when you think it is not you? We have a component of our personality called the unconscious that transcends our conscious self. So beyond our known personal identities, we manifest certain traits and characteristics that we barely recognize from within ourselves.
It is important to know your personality and get in touch with your real identity because your personality defines your character. Also, it is one of the reasons that people are easily able to achieve their goals in life and attain success. Understanding your true personality makes you a more satisfied and content individual in terms of appreciating life, your career, and relationships with people. In what ways can you determine your personality?
The Four Preferences of Individual Personality
Katharine Briggs, along with her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers, developed the four personality types of today based from Jung’s eight personality types. These are extroversion and introversion, sensing and intuition, thinking and feeling, and judging and perceiving.
Extroverts possess high energy and they talk more than listen. They prefer to be around people and they are more of the outgoing and enthusiastic type. Introverts, on the other hand, have a quiet energy and they prefer being on their own.
Sensors are pragmatic and practical people who have good common sense. Intuitives are more of the inventive type and trust their instincts more than experiences.
Thinkers are objective in making decisions and they prefer analytical, logical reasoning. They are reserved, but honest and fair. Feelers base their decisions on their feelings and values. They are warm and friendly people who deal with diplomacy and tact.
Extroverts possess high energy and they talk more than listen. They prefer to be around people and they are more of the outgoing and enthusiastic type. Introverts, on the other hand, have a quiet energy and they prefer being on their own.
Sensors are pragmatic and practical people who have good common sense. Intuitives are more of the inventive type and trust their instincts more than experiences.
Thinkers are objective in making decisions and they prefer analytical, logical reasoning. They are reserved, but honest and fair. Feelers base their decisions on their feelings and values. They are warm and friendly people who deal with diplomacy and tact.
Jung’s Eight Personality Types
Carl Jung believed that individuals each have different psychological types. According to him, we have two basic “functions” in our lives: knowing how to perceive things and how to make decisions. From these two types, we function differently through our senses or through our intuition. He firmly believes that all of these functions we apply them in our lives. However, we have varying ways in using these functions with different outcomes and amount of success.
But he created an order of preference for these varying functions wherein the frequently used function is the “dominant” one which can either be extraverted or introverted. He stressed that the dominant function is very important since it overshadows the rest of the functions in all of the eight personality types. The following are the eight personality types he created:
1. Extraverted Sensing
2. Introverted Sensing
3. Extraverted Intuition
4. Introverted Intuition
5. Extraverted Thinking
6. Introverted Thinking
7. Extraverted Feeling
8. Introverted Feeling
These types of personalities were further researched and studied by a mother and daughter tandem wherein they created a combination of the abovementioned personality types based on the four major preferences of individual personality.
But he created an order of preference for these varying functions wherein the frequently used function is the “dominant” one which can either be extraverted or introverted. He stressed that the dominant function is very important since it overshadows the rest of the functions in all of the eight personality types. The following are the eight personality types he created:
1. Extraverted Sensing
2. Introverted Sensing
3. Extraverted Intuition
4. Introverted Intuition
5. Extraverted Thinking
6. Introverted Thinking
7. Extraverted Feeling
8. Introverted Feeling
These types of personalities were further researched and studied by a mother and daughter tandem wherein they created a combination of the abovementioned personality types based on the four major preferences of individual personality.
Different Personality Types
Every human being is indeed unique and has different sets of individual traits and characteristics. Even twins are not completely the same with each other based on studies. We all possess different types of personalities yet we manage to understand each other and interact regardless of these differences. However, not all of us are aware of our individual personality types.
Hippocrates’ Theory of the Four Personality Types
A noted figure in the study of our personality is Hippocrates who theorized the four human temperaments to determine the differences in our personality. These are: the Sanguines, the Cholerics, the Melancholic, and the Phlegmatic. His theory is still very evident and relevant even after thousands of years of conducting this study.
The Sanguines are charming people and fun to be with because they have a good sense of humor. They are the life of the party and they make friends easily. They love to socialize and enjoy the company of people around them.
Choleric individuals are extroverts who take control of their lives and are task-oriented. They are strong-willed who love to take challenges, and opinionated people. They are born to be leaders and they have the motivation to reach for their goals.
A person with a Melancholy personality is quite a perfectionist and very organized. Melancholies are introverts who tend to be highly sensitive to others and are faithful to the point of self-sacrificing. They are very creative and talented people. However, they have tendencies to generate low self-esteem because of being judgmental of their own abilities.
Phlegmatic individuals are introverts who are more concerned with relationships with people. They are laid back, possessing low profile personality, but lovers of peace and calmness. They are easygoing and relaxed who can readily make friends because they are warm and friendly.
Hippocrates’ Theory of the Four Personality Types
A noted figure in the study of our personality is Hippocrates who theorized the four human temperaments to determine the differences in our personality. These are: the Sanguines, the Cholerics, the Melancholic, and the Phlegmatic. His theory is still very evident and relevant even after thousands of years of conducting this study.
The Sanguines are charming people and fun to be with because they have a good sense of humor. They are the life of the party and they make friends easily. They love to socialize and enjoy the company of people around them.
Choleric individuals are extroverts who take control of their lives and are task-oriented. They are strong-willed who love to take challenges, and opinionated people. They are born to be leaders and they have the motivation to reach for their goals.
A person with a Melancholy personality is quite a perfectionist and very organized. Melancholies are introverts who tend to be highly sensitive to others and are faithful to the point of self-sacrificing. They are very creative and talented people. However, they have tendencies to generate low self-esteem because of being judgmental of their own abilities.
Phlegmatic individuals are introverts who are more concerned with relationships with people. They are laid back, possessing low profile personality, but lovers of peace and calmness. They are easygoing and relaxed who can readily make friends because they are warm and friendly.
Fundamental Characteristics of Personality
Our personalities may be collectively characterized into four fundamental characteristics. First is that every individual’s personality manifests consistency. This means that we demonstrate a pattern of regularity or uniformity to our behaviors as recognized and identified by other people. In essence, we tend to act in similar ways and respond similarly to various situations.
Another characteristic of our personality is that it is psychological and physiological. A person’s character and identity is built up by the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. However, some researches would mention that biological aspect also affects or influences personality.
Our personalities are also said to be characterized by impact behaviors and actions. It causes us to take action or respond to various situations and experiences in certain ways aside from affecting how we act and react in certain situations.
The fourth characteristic of our personality is that it is demonstrated through multiple or various expressions. It is more than just a person’s attitude or behavior but also identified through patterns of thoughts, emotions, relationships, and interaction with other people
Another characteristic of our personality is that it is psychological and physiological. A person’s character and identity is built up by the patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behavior. However, some researches would mention that biological aspect also affects or influences personality.
Our personalities are also said to be characterized by impact behaviors and actions. It causes us to take action or respond to various situations and experiences in certain ways aside from affecting how we act and react in certain situations.
The fourth characteristic of our personality is that it is demonstrated through multiple or various expressions. It is more than just a person’s attitude or behavior but also identified through patterns of thoughts, emotions, relationships, and interaction with other people
Personality Defined
Personality is all about the most essential psychological aspects of a person’s life – our thoughts, feelings, motives, skills, and behaviors. The term is coined from the Latin word ‘persona’ meaning ‘mask’. This means that people put on a ‘mask’ that distinguishes them from the rest. We can choose to portray different personas which constitute to our personality but our inner selves have a greater representation of our true characters.
Every human being possesses a personality that defines our essence as individuals in every stage of development in our lives. It is what makes up a person and it is what makes us unique from each other. In other words, no two individuals have the same personalities and so you are being characterized by other people as to who you are and what you are to them based on your personality.
Every human being possesses a personality that defines our essence as individuals in every stage of development in our lives. It is what makes up a person and it is what makes us unique from each other. In other words, no two individuals have the same personalities and so you are being characterized by other people as to who you are and what you are to them based on your personality.
What is Personality?
Do you ever wonder why whenever we describe someone’s personality, we usually refer to the attitude and behavior? It is because our attitudes speak of our personality. But there is more to behavior and attitude that comprises a person’s character. Our emotional, mental, spiritual, and physical well-being all build up our so-called personality......
We become observant of the people around us and those we interact with and study each one’s personality. We usually describe another person’s personality as good or bad. When someone has a rude and unlikeable behavior, we say that the person possesses an undesirable personality. On the other hand, someone with a good heart and an admirable demeanor has a good personality.
When we speak of personality, we pertain to the person’s character, wholeness, or totality involving behavior, attitudes, qualities, and traits of an individual. It is, in fact, one of basic foundations of the study of psychology. There have been many definitions coined by psychologists about personality. Let us understand the general understanding of this concept and what involves it.
We become observant of the people around us and those we interact with and study each one’s personality. We usually describe another person’s personality as good or bad. When someone has a rude and unlikeable behavior, we say that the person possesses an undesirable personality. On the other hand, someone with a good heart and an admirable demeanor has a good personality.
When we speak of personality, we pertain to the person’s character, wholeness, or totality involving behavior, attitudes, qualities, and traits of an individual. It is, in fact, one of basic foundations of the study of psychology. There have been many definitions coined by psychologists about personality. Let us understand the general understanding of this concept and what involves it.
Sunday, July 11, 2010
Facial Expression
A facial expression results from one or more motions or positions of the muscles of the face. These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information among humans, but also occur in most other mammals and some other animal species. Facial expressions and their significance in the perceiver can, to some extent, vary between cultures.
Humans can adopt a facial expression as a voluntary action. However, because expressions are closely tied to emotion, they are more often involuntary. It can be nearly impossible to avoid expressions for certain emotions, even when it would be strongly desirable to do so a person who is trying to avoid insult to an individual he or she finds highly unattractive might nevertheless show a brief expression of disgust before being able to reassume a neutral expression. The close link between emotion and expression can also work in the other direction; it has been observed that voluntarily assuming an expression can actually cause the associated emotion
Some expressions can be accurately interpreted even between members of different species- anger and extreme contentment being the primary examples. Others, however, are difficult to interpret even in familiar individuals. For instance, disgust and fear can be tough to tell apartBecause faces have only a limited range of movement, expressions rely upon fairly minuscule differences in the proportion and relative position of facial features, and reading them requires considerable sensitivity to same. Some faces are often falsely read as expressing some emotion, even when they are neutral, because their proportions naturally resemble those another face would temporarily assume when emoting
Eye contact
A person's face, especially their eyes, creates the most obvious and immediate cues that lead to the formation of impressions.This article discusses eyes and facial expressions and the effect they have on interpersonal communication.
A person's eyes reveal much about how they are feeling, or what they are thinking. Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races. Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce's data is interesting, it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channeled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless. Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates' perspiration, eye contact and stiffness.
Eye contact is another major aspect of facial communication. Some have hypothesized that this is due to infancy, as humans are one of the few mammals who maintain regular eye contact with their mother while nursing.Eye contact serves a variety of purposes. It regulates conversations, shows interest or involvement, and establishes a connection with others.
Eye contact regulates conversational turn taking, communicates involvement and interest, manifests warmth, and establishes connections with others…it can command attention, be flirtatious, or seem cold and intimidating… invites conversation. Lack of eye contact is usually perceived to be rude or inattentive.
But different cultures have different rules for eye contact. Certain Asian cultures can perceive direct eye contact as a way to signal competitiveness, which in many situations may prove to be inappropriate. Others lower their eyes to signal respect, and similarly eye contact is avoided in Nigeria, and between men and women in Islam however, in western cultures this could be misinterpreted as lacking self-confidence.
Even beyond the idea of eye contact, eyes communicate more data than a person even consciously expresses. Pupil dilation is a significant cue to a level of excitement, pleasure, or attraction. Dilated pupils indicate greater affection or attraction, while constricted pupils send a colder signal.
A person's eyes reveal much about how they are feeling, or what they are thinking. Blink rate can reveal how nervous or at ease a person may be. Research by Boston College professor Joe Tecce suggests that stress levels are revealed by blink rates. He supports his data with statistics on the relation between the blink rates of presidential candidates and their success in their races. Tecce claims that the faster blinker in the presidential debates has lost every election since 1980. Though Tecce's data is interesting, it is important to recognize that non-verbal communication is multi-channeled, and focusing on only one aspect is reckless. Nervousness can also be measured by examining each candidates' perspiration, eye contact and stiffness.
Eye contact is another major aspect of facial communication. Some have hypothesized that this is due to infancy, as humans are one of the few mammals who maintain regular eye contact with their mother while nursing.Eye contact serves a variety of purposes. It regulates conversations, shows interest or involvement, and establishes a connection with others.
Eye contact regulates conversational turn taking, communicates involvement and interest, manifests warmth, and establishes connections with others…it can command attention, be flirtatious, or seem cold and intimidating… invites conversation. Lack of eye contact is usually perceived to be rude or inattentive.
But different cultures have different rules for eye contact. Certain Asian cultures can perceive direct eye contact as a way to signal competitiveness, which in many situations may prove to be inappropriate. Others lower their eyes to signal respect, and similarly eye contact is avoided in Nigeria, and between men and women in Islam however, in western cultures this could be misinterpreted as lacking self-confidence.
Even beyond the idea of eye contact, eyes communicate more data than a person even consciously expresses. Pupil dilation is a significant cue to a level of excitement, pleasure, or attraction. Dilated pupils indicate greater affection or attraction, while constricted pupils send a colder signal.
Thursday, July 8, 2010
Understanding Different Interpretations of Common Gestures
Beckon with index finger.
Point at something in the room using index finger.
Make a "V" sign.
Smile.
Sit with sole of feet or shoe showing.
Form a circle with fingers to indicate “O.K.”
Pat a student on the head.
Pass an item to someone with one hand.
Wave hand with palm facing outward to greet someone.
Nod head up and down to say “Yes.”
Answer Key for Body Language Activities
Each of the following responses give a general guide to cultural differences in the meaning of gestures.
1. Beckon with index finger. This means “Come here” in the U.S. To motion with the index finger to call someone is insulting, or even obscene, in many cultures. Expect a reaction when you beckon to a student from the Middle or Far East; Portugal, Spain, Latin America, Japan, Indonesia and Hong Kong. It is more acceptable to beckon with the palm down, with fingers or whole hand waving.
2. Point at something in the room using index finger. It is impolite to point with the index finger in the Middle and Far East. Use an open hand or your thumb (in Indonesia)
3. Make a "V" sign. This means "Victory" in most of Europe when you make this sign with your palm facing away from you. If you face your palm in, the same gesture means "Shove it."
4. Smile. This gesture is universally understood. However, it various cultures there are different reasons for smiling. The Japanese may smile when they are confused or angry. In other parts of Asia, people may smile when they are embarrassed. People in other cultures may not smile at everyone to indicate a friendly greeting as we do in the United States. A smile may be reserved for friends. It is important not to judge students or their parents because they do not smile, or smile at what we would consider "inappropriate" times.
5. Sit with soles shoes showing. In many cultures this sends a rude message. In Thailand, Japan and France as well as countries of the Middle and Near East showing the soles of the feet demonstrates disrespect. You are exposing the lowest and dirtiest part of your body so this is insulting.
6. Form a circle with fingers to indicate “O.K.” Although this means “O.K.” in the U.S. and in many countries around the world, there are some notable exceptions:
In Brazil and Germany, this gesture is obscene.
In Japan, this means “money.”
In France, it has the additional meaning of “zero” or “worthless.”
7. Pat a student on the head. This is very upsetting to students from Asia. The head is the repository of the soul in the Buddhist religion. Children from cultures which are influenced by Buddhism will feel uncomfortable if their head is touched.
8. Pass an item to someone with one hand. - In Japan this is very rude. Even a very small item such as a pencil must be passed with two hands. In many Middle and Far Eastern countries it is rude to pass something with your left hand which is considered “unclean.”
9. Wave hand with the palm facing outward to greet someone. In Europe, waving the hand back and forth can mean “No.” To wave “good-bye,” raise the palm outward and wag the fingers in unison, This is also a serious insult in Nigeria if the hand is too close to another person’s face.
10. Nod head up and down to say “Yes.” In Bulgaria and Greece, this gesture means “No.”
Point at something in the room using index finger.
Make a "V" sign.
Smile.
Sit with sole of feet or shoe showing.
Form a circle with fingers to indicate “O.K.”
Pat a student on the head.
Pass an item to someone with one hand.
Wave hand with palm facing outward to greet someone.
Nod head up and down to say “Yes.”
Answer Key for Body Language Activities
Each of the following responses give a general guide to cultural differences in the meaning of gestures.
1. Beckon with index finger. This means “Come here” in the U.S. To motion with the index finger to call someone is insulting, or even obscene, in many cultures. Expect a reaction when you beckon to a student from the Middle or Far East; Portugal, Spain, Latin America, Japan, Indonesia and Hong Kong. It is more acceptable to beckon with the palm down, with fingers or whole hand waving.
2. Point at something in the room using index finger. It is impolite to point with the index finger in the Middle and Far East. Use an open hand or your thumb (in Indonesia)
3. Make a "V" sign. This means "Victory" in most of Europe when you make this sign with your palm facing away from you. If you face your palm in, the same gesture means "Shove it."
4. Smile. This gesture is universally understood. However, it various cultures there are different reasons for smiling. The Japanese may smile when they are confused or angry. In other parts of Asia, people may smile when they are embarrassed. People in other cultures may not smile at everyone to indicate a friendly greeting as we do in the United States. A smile may be reserved for friends. It is important not to judge students or their parents because they do not smile, or smile at what we would consider "inappropriate" times.
5. Sit with soles shoes showing. In many cultures this sends a rude message. In Thailand, Japan and France as well as countries of the Middle and Near East showing the soles of the feet demonstrates disrespect. You are exposing the lowest and dirtiest part of your body so this is insulting.
6. Form a circle with fingers to indicate “O.K.” Although this means “O.K.” in the U.S. and in many countries around the world, there are some notable exceptions:
In Brazil and Germany, this gesture is obscene.
In Japan, this means “money.”
In France, it has the additional meaning of “zero” or “worthless.”
7. Pat a student on the head. This is very upsetting to students from Asia. The head is the repository of the soul in the Buddhist religion. Children from cultures which are influenced by Buddhism will feel uncomfortable if their head is touched.
8. Pass an item to someone with one hand. - In Japan this is very rude. Even a very small item such as a pencil must be passed with two hands. In many Middle and Far Eastern countries it is rude to pass something with your left hand which is considered “unclean.”
9. Wave hand with the palm facing outward to greet someone. In Europe, waving the hand back and forth can mean “No.” To wave “good-bye,” raise the palm outward and wag the fingers in unison, This is also a serious insult in Nigeria if the hand is too close to another person’s face.
10. Nod head up and down to say “Yes.” In Bulgaria and Greece, this gesture means “No.”
Basic Sitting Postures With Benefits
JANU SIRSASANA: Correct foot placement
Sit up straight with legs evenly extended in front. Bend the right leg at the knee and place the foot so that the heel is in the right groin and the front of the foot touches the left thigh. Turn the foot so that the bottom of the foot is facing upward and press the knee back to form an obtuse angle with the body. This position will be difficult at first; don't force it. Put a folded blanket under the knee and also under the hips. Gradually the knee will move farther back. Just keep the foot correctly positioned.
JANU SIRSASANA: Correct, perfect postureHaving positioned the foot and knee correctly, stretch the left leg out, keeping the leg firmly on the mat. Settle the heel firmly and stretch the toes up. (The heel should pull gently away from the ankle.) Now inhale and bend forward over the straight leg, catching the foot with both hands if possible. Beginners should bend only as far as they can without rounding the back. When this posture is done correctly and completely, the body will roll forward over the extended leg, absolutely flat from the tail bone to the head. Stay there breathing normally for as long as you can. Inhale, release the handhold, come up smoothly, straighten the bent leg and relax. Repeat on other side.
JANU SIRSASANA: Wrong posture
The heel is not positioned against its own thigh. The knee has not been pushed back as far as possible to form an obtuse angle. The back is humped and curved because the pelvis is jammed and unable to lift properly. Instead of a smooth, complete stretching of the spine, the lumbar is over-stretched and the rest of the spine constricted. The left leg is not flat on the floor.
TRIANG MUKHAIPADA PASCHIMOTTANASANA: Sitting, forward-bending pose over one leg
This posture generally follows the previous one. Sit with your legs stretched in front. Bend the right leg so that the right foot is near the right hip. The toes should point back. The right calf presses against the right thigh. The body will tilt in this position so put a small folded towel under the left buttock to keep the hips level and the forward stretch even and extended. Hold the left foot with both hands, inhale and bend forward, keeping both knees together as you stretch forward over the straight leg. Many students will find it difficult in this position to even take hold of the foot of the outstretched leg. Do not despair. Just hold the knee, shin or ankle, and sit, breathing deeply, in whichever position represents your best extension. If the back is tight and the spine inflexible, this will take time. Release the hold and straighten the bent leg. Repeat on the other side.
Sit up straight with legs evenly extended in front. Bend the right leg at the knee and place the foot so that the heel is in the right groin and the front of the foot touches the left thigh. Turn the foot so that the bottom of the foot is facing upward and press the knee back to form an obtuse angle with the body. This position will be difficult at first; don't force it. Put a folded blanket under the knee and also under the hips. Gradually the knee will move farther back. Just keep the foot correctly positioned.
JANU SIRSASANA: Correct, perfect postureHaving positioned the foot and knee correctly, stretch the left leg out, keeping the leg firmly on the mat. Settle the heel firmly and stretch the toes up. (The heel should pull gently away from the ankle.) Now inhale and bend forward over the straight leg, catching the foot with both hands if possible. Beginners should bend only as far as they can without rounding the back. When this posture is done correctly and completely, the body will roll forward over the extended leg, absolutely flat from the tail bone to the head. Stay there breathing normally for as long as you can. Inhale, release the handhold, come up smoothly, straighten the bent leg and relax. Repeat on other side.
JANU SIRSASANA: Wrong posture
The heel is not positioned against its own thigh. The knee has not been pushed back as far as possible to form an obtuse angle. The back is humped and curved because the pelvis is jammed and unable to lift properly. Instead of a smooth, complete stretching of the spine, the lumbar is over-stretched and the rest of the spine constricted. The left leg is not flat on the floor.
TRIANG MUKHAIPADA PASCHIMOTTANASANA: Sitting, forward-bending pose over one leg
This posture generally follows the previous one. Sit with your legs stretched in front. Bend the right leg so that the right foot is near the right hip. The toes should point back. The right calf presses against the right thigh. The body will tilt in this position so put a small folded towel under the left buttock to keep the hips level and the forward stretch even and extended. Hold the left foot with both hands, inhale and bend forward, keeping both knees together as you stretch forward over the straight leg. Many students will find it difficult in this position to even take hold of the foot of the outstretched leg. Do not despair. Just hold the knee, shin or ankle, and sit, breathing deeply, in whichever position represents your best extension. If the back is tight and the spine inflexible, this will take time. Release the hold and straighten the bent leg. Repeat on the other side.
The relation between verbal and nonverbal communication
The relative importance of verbal and nonverbal communication
An interesting question is: When two people are communicating face-to-face, how much of the meaning is communicated verbally, and how much is communicated non-verbally? This was investigated by Albert Mehrabian and reported in two papers [15],[16]. The latter paper concluded: "It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects - with coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively." This "rule" that clues from spoken words, from the voice tone, and from the facial expression, contribute 7 %, 38 %, and 55 % respectively to the total meaning, is widely cited. It is presented on all types of popular courses with statements like "scientists have found out that . . . ". In reality, however, it is extremely weakly founded. First, it is based on the judgment of the meaning of single taperecorded words, i.e. a very artificial context. Second, the figures are obtained by combining results from two different studies which potentially cannot be combined. Third, it relates only to the communication of positive versus negative emotions. Fourth, it relates only to women, as men did not participate in the study.
Since then, other studies have analysed the relative contribution of verbal and nonverbal signals under more naturalistic situations. Argyle [11] , using video tapes shown to the subjects, analysed the communication of submissive/dominant attitude and found that non-verbal cues had 4.3 times the effect of verbal cues. The most important effect was that body posture communicated superior status in a very efficient way. On the other hand, a study by Hsee et al.[17] had subjects judge a person on the dimension happy/sad and found that words spoken with minimal variation in intonation had an impact about 4 times larger than face expressions seen in a film without sound. Thus, the relative importance of spoken words and facial expressions may be very different in studies using different set-ups.
Interaction of verbal and nonverbal communication
When communicating, nonverbal messages can interact with verbal messages in six ways: repeating, conflicting, complementing, substituting, regulating and accenting/moderating.
Repeating
"Repeating" consists of using gestures to strengthen a verbal message, such as pointing to the object of discussion
Conflicting
Verbal and nonverbal messages within the same interaction can sometimes send opposing or conflicting messages. A person verbally expressing a statement of truth while simultaneously fidgeting or avoiding eye contact may convey a mixed message to the receiver in the interaction. Conflicting messages may occur for a variety of reasons often stemming from feelings of uncertainty, ambivalence, or frustration. When mixed messages occur, nonverbal communication becomes the primary tool people use to attain additional information to clarify the situation; great attention is placed on bodily movements and positioning when people perceive mixed messages during interactions.
Complementing
Accurate interpretation of messages is made easier when nonverbal and verbal communication complement each other. Nonverbal cues can be used to elaborate on verbal messages to reinforce the information sent when trying to achieve communicative goals; messages have been shown to be remembered better when nonverbal signals affirm the verbal exchange.
Substituting
Nonverbal behavior is sometimes used as the sole channel for communication of a message. People learn to identify facial expressions, body movements, and body positioning as corresponding with specific feelings and intentions. Nonverbal signals can be used without verbal communication to convey messages; when nonverbal behavior does not effectively communicate a message, verbal methods are used to enhance understanding.
Regulating
Nonverbal behavior also regulates our conversations. For example, touching someone's arm can signal that you want to talk next or interrupt.
Accenting/Moderating
Nonverbal signals are used to alter the interpretation of verbal messages. Touch, voice pitch, and gestures are some of the tools people use to accent or amplify the message that is sent; nonverbal behavior can also be used to moderate or tone down aspects of verbal messages as well For example, a person who is verbally expressing anger may accent the verbal message by shaking a fist....
An interesting question is: When two people are communicating face-to-face, how much of the meaning is communicated verbally, and how much is communicated non-verbally? This was investigated by Albert Mehrabian and reported in two papers [15],[16]. The latter paper concluded: "It is suggested that the combined effect of simultaneous verbal, vocal, and facial attitude communications is a weighted sum of their independent effects - with coefficients of .07, .38, and .55, respectively." This "rule" that clues from spoken words, from the voice tone, and from the facial expression, contribute 7 %, 38 %, and 55 % respectively to the total meaning, is widely cited. It is presented on all types of popular courses with statements like "scientists have found out that . . . ". In reality, however, it is extremely weakly founded. First, it is based on the judgment of the meaning of single taperecorded words, i.e. a very artificial context. Second, the figures are obtained by combining results from two different studies which potentially cannot be combined. Third, it relates only to the communication of positive versus negative emotions. Fourth, it relates only to women, as men did not participate in the study.
Since then, other studies have analysed the relative contribution of verbal and nonverbal signals under more naturalistic situations. Argyle [11] , using video tapes shown to the subjects, analysed the communication of submissive/dominant attitude and found that non-verbal cues had 4.3 times the effect of verbal cues. The most important effect was that body posture communicated superior status in a very efficient way. On the other hand, a study by Hsee et al.[17] had subjects judge a person on the dimension happy/sad and found that words spoken with minimal variation in intonation had an impact about 4 times larger than face expressions seen in a film without sound. Thus, the relative importance of spoken words and facial expressions may be very different in studies using different set-ups.
Interaction of verbal and nonverbal communication
When communicating, nonverbal messages can interact with verbal messages in six ways: repeating, conflicting, complementing, substituting, regulating and accenting/moderating.
Repeating
"Repeating" consists of using gestures to strengthen a verbal message, such as pointing to the object of discussion
Conflicting
Verbal and nonverbal messages within the same interaction can sometimes send opposing or conflicting messages. A person verbally expressing a statement of truth while simultaneously fidgeting or avoiding eye contact may convey a mixed message to the receiver in the interaction. Conflicting messages may occur for a variety of reasons often stemming from feelings of uncertainty, ambivalence, or frustration. When mixed messages occur, nonverbal communication becomes the primary tool people use to attain additional information to clarify the situation; great attention is placed on bodily movements and positioning when people perceive mixed messages during interactions.
Complementing
Accurate interpretation of messages is made easier when nonverbal and verbal communication complement each other. Nonverbal cues can be used to elaborate on verbal messages to reinforce the information sent when trying to achieve communicative goals; messages have been shown to be remembered better when nonverbal signals affirm the verbal exchange.
Substituting
Nonverbal behavior is sometimes used as the sole channel for communication of a message. People learn to identify facial expressions, body movements, and body positioning as corresponding with specific feelings and intentions. Nonverbal signals can be used without verbal communication to convey messages; when nonverbal behavior does not effectively communicate a message, verbal methods are used to enhance understanding.
Regulating
Nonverbal behavior also regulates our conversations. For example, touching someone's arm can signal that you want to talk next or interrupt.
Accenting/Moderating
Nonverbal signals are used to alter the interpretation of verbal messages. Touch, voice pitch, and gestures are some of the tools people use to accent or amplify the message that is sent; nonverbal behavior can also be used to moderate or tone down aspects of verbal messages as well For example, a person who is verbally expressing anger may accent the verbal message by shaking a fist....
Touching In Communication
touching in communication
A high five is an example of communicative touch.Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication. Touches that can be defined as communication include handshakes, holding hands, kissing (cheek, lips, hand), back slapping, high fives, a pat on the shoulder, and brushing an arm. Touching of oneself may include licking, picking, holding, and scratching.[7] These behaviors are referred to as "adaptor" and may send messages that reveal the intentions or feelings of a communicator. The meaning conveyed from touch is highly dependent upon the context of the situation, the relationship between communicators, and the manner of touch.[8]
Humans communicate interpersonal closeness through a series of non-verbal actions known as immediacy behaviors. Examples of immediacy behaviors are: smiling, touching,open body positions, and eye contact. Cultures that display these immediacy behaviors are known to be high contact cultures.
Haptic communication is the means by which people and other animals communicate via touching. Touch is an extremely important sense for humans; as well as providing information about surfaces and textures it is a component of nonverbal communication in interpersonal relationships, and vital in conveying physical intimacy. It can be both sexual (such as kissing) and platonic (such as hugging or tickling).
Touch is the earliest sense to develop in the fetus. The development of an infant's haptic senses and how it relates to the development of the other senses such as vision has been the target of much research. Human babies have been observed to have enormous difficulty surviving if they do not possess a sense of touch, even if they retain sight and hearing. Babies who can perceive through touch, even without sight and hearing, tend to fare much better. Touch can be thought of as a basic sense in that most life forms have a response to being touched, while only a subset have sight and hearing.[citation needed]
In chimpanzees the sense of touch is highly developed. As newborns they see and hear poorly but cling strongly to their mothers. Harry Harlow conducted a controversial study involving rhesus monkeys and observed that monkeys reared with a "terry cloth mother", a wire feeding apparatus wrapped in softer terry cloth which provided a level of tactile stimulation and comfort, were considerably more emotionally stable as adults than those with a mere wire mother.(Harlow,1958)
Touching is treated differently from one country to another. Socially acceptable levels of touching varies from one culture to another. In the Thai culture, touching someone's head may be thought rude. Remland and Jones (1995) studied groups of people communicating and found that in England (8%), France (5%) and the Netherlands (4%) touching was rare compared to their Italian (14%) and Greek (12.5%) sample.[citation needed]
Striking, pushing, pulling, pinching, kicking, strangling and hand-to-hand fighting are forms of touch in the context of physical abuse. In a sentence like "I never touched him/her" or "Don't you dare to touch him/her" the term touch may be meant as euphemism for either physical abuse or sexual touching. To 'touch oneself' is a euphemism for masturbation.
The word touch has many other metaphorical uses. One can be emotionally touched, referring to an action or object that evokes an emotional response. To say "I was touched by your letter" implies the reader felt a strong emotion when reading it. Usually does not include anger, disgust or other forms of emotional rejection unless used in a sarcastic manner.
A high five is an example of communicative touch.Haptics is the study of touching as nonverbal communication. Touches that can be defined as communication include handshakes, holding hands, kissing (cheek, lips, hand), back slapping, high fives, a pat on the shoulder, and brushing an arm. Touching of oneself may include licking, picking, holding, and scratching.[7] These behaviors are referred to as "adaptor" and may send messages that reveal the intentions or feelings of a communicator. The meaning conveyed from touch is highly dependent upon the context of the situation, the relationship between communicators, and the manner of touch.[8]
Humans communicate interpersonal closeness through a series of non-verbal actions known as immediacy behaviors. Examples of immediacy behaviors are: smiling, touching,open body positions, and eye contact. Cultures that display these immediacy behaviors are known to be high contact cultures.
Haptic communication is the means by which people and other animals communicate via touching. Touch is an extremely important sense for humans; as well as providing information about surfaces and textures it is a component of nonverbal communication in interpersonal relationships, and vital in conveying physical intimacy. It can be both sexual (such as kissing) and platonic (such as hugging or tickling).
Touch is the earliest sense to develop in the fetus. The development of an infant's haptic senses and how it relates to the development of the other senses such as vision has been the target of much research. Human babies have been observed to have enormous difficulty surviving if they do not possess a sense of touch, even if they retain sight and hearing. Babies who can perceive through touch, even without sight and hearing, tend to fare much better. Touch can be thought of as a basic sense in that most life forms have a response to being touched, while only a subset have sight and hearing.[citation needed]
In chimpanzees the sense of touch is highly developed. As newborns they see and hear poorly but cling strongly to their mothers. Harry Harlow conducted a controversial study involving rhesus monkeys and observed that monkeys reared with a "terry cloth mother", a wire feeding apparatus wrapped in softer terry cloth which provided a level of tactile stimulation and comfort, were considerably more emotionally stable as adults than those with a mere wire mother.(Harlow,1958)
Touching is treated differently from one country to another. Socially acceptable levels of touching varies from one culture to another. In the Thai culture, touching someone's head may be thought rude. Remland and Jones (1995) studied groups of people communicating and found that in England (8%), France (5%) and the Netherlands (4%) touching was rare compared to their Italian (14%) and Greek (12.5%) sample.[citation needed]
Striking, pushing, pulling, pinching, kicking, strangling and hand-to-hand fighting are forms of touch in the context of physical abuse. In a sentence like "I never touched him/her" or "Don't you dare to touch him/her" the term touch may be meant as euphemism for either physical abuse or sexual touching. To 'touch oneself' is a euphemism for masturbation.
The word touch has many other metaphorical uses. One can be emotionally touched, referring to an action or object that evokes an emotional response. To say "I was touched by your letter" implies the reader felt a strong emotion when reading it. Usually does not include anger, disgust or other forms of emotional rejection unless used in a sarcastic manner.
Gestures
A gesture is a non-vocal bodily movement intended to express meaning. They may be articulated with the hands, arms or body, and also include movements of the head, face and eyes, such as winking, nodding, or rolling ones' eyes. The boundary between language and gesture, or verbal and nonverbal communication, can be hard to identify.
Although the study of gesture is still in its infancy, some broad categories of gestures have been identified by researchers. The most familiar are the so-called emblems or quotable gestures. These are conventional, culture-specific gestures that can be used as replacement for words, such as the handwave used in the US for "hello" and "goodbye". A single emblematic gesture can have a very different significance in different cultural contexts, ranging from complimentary to highly offensive [9] The page List of gestures discusses emblematic gestures made with one hand, two hands, hand and other body parts, and body and facial gestures.
Another broad category of gestures comprises those gestures used spontaneously when we speak. These gestures are closely coordinated with speech. The so-called beat gestures are used in conjunction with speech and keep time with the rhythm of speech to emphasize certain words or phrases. These types of gestures are integrally connected to speech and thought processes.[10] Other spontaneous gestures used when we speak are more contentful and may echo or elaborate the meaning of the co-occurring speech.For example, a gesture that depicts the act of throwing may be synchronous with the utterance, "He threw the ball right into the window." [10]
Gestural languages such as American Sign Language and its regional siblings operate as complete natural languages that are gestural in modality. They should not be confused with finger spelling, in which a set of emblematic gestures are used to represent a written alphabet.
Gestures can also be categorised as either speech-independent or speech-related. Speech-independent gestures are dependent upon culturally accepted interpretation and have a direct verbal translation.[7] A wave hello or a peace sign are examples of speech-independent gestures. Speech related gestures are used in parallel with verbal speech; this form of nonverbal communication is used to emphasize the message that is being communicated. Speech related gestures are intended to provide supplemental information to a verbal message such as pointing to an object of discussion.
Gestures such as Mudra (Sanskrit) encode sophisticated information accessible to initiates that are privy to the subtlety of elements encoded in their tradition.
Posture
Posture can be used to determine a participant’s degree of attention or involvement, the difference in status between communicators, and the level of fondness a person has for the other communicator.[5] Studies investigating the impact of posture on interpersonal relationships suggest that mirror-image congruent postures, where one person’s left side is parallel to the other’s right side, leads to favorable perception of communicators and positive speech; a person who displays a forward lean or a decrease in a backwards lean also signify positive sentiment during communication.[6] Posture is understood through such indicators as direction of lean, body orientation, arm position.
The Nine Personality Types
Enneatype One: Rational,conscientious, and responsible, Type Ones organize their energy around doing what is right and good. Self-controlled and sometimes resentful, they can be critical of self and others. They are also idealistic, purposeful, and tend to adhere to ethics, standards, and principles.
Enneatype Two: Caring, empathic, and generous, Type Twos organize their attention around being loving and giving. Thoughtful and attentive, they can also become demanding and overly-intrusive if they feel their kindness isn't appreciated. They may neglect their own needs to serve others.
Good-natured and friendly, they are also competent and reliable.
Enneatype Three: Efficient, effective high-achievers, Threes believe they must be successful to be loved. Industrious, practical, and goal-oriented, they can also be impatient and insensitive to others, when they can tune-out their feelings to accomplish tasks. They are at their best when they learn to balance work with relaxation and achieving with feeling.
Enneatype Four: Expressive, empathetic, and moody, Fours base their identity on their feelings. They tend to cultivate only certain feelings, while rejecting others. They may focus on what's distant and special and have an aversion to the ordinary. Artistic, authentic, and sensitive, they are able to process painful experiences more easily than other types.
Enneatype Five: Intense, cerebral, and isolated, Fives place their attention on thinking, learning, and observing. They identify with having ideas and expressing unusual and insightful concepts. Doubting their competency leads Fives to become withholding, detached, and overly private. At their best, they are analytical, original thinkers who explore unknown territory.
Enneatype Six: Engaging, responsible, and committed, Sixes can also be fearful/anxious or rebellious/confrontational. They have an ambivalent relationship to authority, wanting an outside authority to ensure their safety, while doubting the authority figure can deliver. On the high side, Sixes are intuitive and loyal. They make excellent troubleshooters who can see through false pretenses.
Enneatype Seven: Energetic, positive, and future-oriented, Sevens seek fun, new experiences. They avoid anxiety and pain by staying busy, planning, and through achievements. Spontaneous and adventurous, Sevens can become distracted and scattered, trying to do too many things at once. On the high side, they are often multi-talented, accomplished, and bring levity and "joie de vivre" to those around them.
Enneatype Eight: Powerful, decisive, and action-oriented, Eights focus on being strong and tough to earn respect and survive in a hostile world. When threatened, they can become aggressive, quick to anger, and extremely confrontational. Decisive and confident, they make excellent leaders, protecting the weak and fighting injustice.
Enneatype Nine: Agreeable, gentle, and easygoing, Nines focus their attention on blending in with others and going with the flow. Since they are conflict-averse, it can be challenging for Nines to be direct, state what they want, and take action. Their ability to see both sides makes Nines excellent mediators. They are also loyal friends and steadfast partners.
Enneatype Two: Caring, empathic, and generous, Type Twos organize their attention around being loving and giving. Thoughtful and attentive, they can also become demanding and overly-intrusive if they feel their kindness isn't appreciated. They may neglect their own needs to serve others.
Good-natured and friendly, they are also competent and reliable.
Enneatype Three: Efficient, effective high-achievers, Threes believe they must be successful to be loved. Industrious, practical, and goal-oriented, they can also be impatient and insensitive to others, when they can tune-out their feelings to accomplish tasks. They are at their best when they learn to balance work with relaxation and achieving with feeling.
Enneatype Four: Expressive, empathetic, and moody, Fours base their identity on their feelings. They tend to cultivate only certain feelings, while rejecting others. They may focus on what's distant and special and have an aversion to the ordinary. Artistic, authentic, and sensitive, they are able to process painful experiences more easily than other types.
Enneatype Five: Intense, cerebral, and isolated, Fives place their attention on thinking, learning, and observing. They identify with having ideas and expressing unusual and insightful concepts. Doubting their competency leads Fives to become withholding, detached, and overly private. At their best, they are analytical, original thinkers who explore unknown territory.
Enneatype Six: Engaging, responsible, and committed, Sixes can also be fearful/anxious or rebellious/confrontational. They have an ambivalent relationship to authority, wanting an outside authority to ensure their safety, while doubting the authority figure can deliver. On the high side, Sixes are intuitive and loyal. They make excellent troubleshooters who can see through false pretenses.
Enneatype Seven: Energetic, positive, and future-oriented, Sevens seek fun, new experiences. They avoid anxiety and pain by staying busy, planning, and through achievements. Spontaneous and adventurous, Sevens can become distracted and scattered, trying to do too many things at once. On the high side, they are often multi-talented, accomplished, and bring levity and "joie de vivre" to those around them.
Enneatype Eight: Powerful, decisive, and action-oriented, Eights focus on being strong and tough to earn respect and survive in a hostile world. When threatened, they can become aggressive, quick to anger, and extremely confrontational. Decisive and confident, they make excellent leaders, protecting the weak and fighting injustice.
Enneatype Nine: Agreeable, gentle, and easygoing, Nines focus their attention on blending in with others and going with the flow. Since they are conflict-averse, it can be challenging for Nines to be direct, state what they want, and take action. Their ability to see both sides makes Nines excellent mediators. They are also loyal friends and steadfast partners.
Top 60 Soft Skills
Top 60 soft skills
The Workforce Profile defined about 60 "soft skills", which employers seek. They are applicable to any field of work, according to the study, and are the "personal traits and skills that employers state are the most important when selecting employees for jobs of any type."
1. Math.
2. Safety.
3. Courtesy.
4. Honesty.
5. Grammar.
6. Reliability.
7. Flexibility.
8. Team skills.
9. Eye contact.
10. Cooperation.
11. Adaptability.
12. Follow rules.
13. Self-directed.
14 Good attitude.
15. Writing skills.
16. Driver's license.
17. Dependability.
18. Advanced math.
19. Self-supervising.
20. Good references.
21. Being drug free.
22. Good attendance.
23. Personal energy.
24. Work experience.
25. Ability to measure.
26. Personal integrity.
27. Good work history.
28. Positive work ethic.
29. Interpersonal skills.
30. Motivational skills.
31. Valuing education.
32. Personal chemistry.
33. Willingness to learn.
34. Common sense.
35. Critical thinking skills.
36. Knowledge of fractions.
37. Reporting to work on time.
38. Use of rulers and calculators.
39. Good personal appearance.
40. Wanting to do a good job.
41. Basic spelling and grammar.
42. Reading and comprehension.
43. Ability to follow regulations.
44. Willingness to be accountable.
45. Ability to fill out a job application.
46. Ability to make production quotas.
47. Basic manufacturing skills training.
48. Awareness of how business works.
49. Staying on the job until it is finished.
50. Ability to read and follow instructions.
51. Willingness to work second and third shifts.
52. Caring about seeing the company succeed.
53. Understanding what the world is all about.
54. Ability to listen and document what you have heard.
55. Commitment to continued training and learning.
56. Willingness to take instruction and responsibility.
57. Ability to relate to coworkers in a close environment.
58. Not expecting to become a supervisor in the first six months.
59. Willingness to be a good worker and go beyond the traditional eight-hour day.
60. Communication skills with public, fellow employees, supervisors, and customers
The Workforce Profile defined about 60 "soft skills", which employers seek. They are applicable to any field of work, according to the study, and are the "personal traits and skills that employers state are the most important when selecting employees for jobs of any type."
1. Math.
2. Safety.
3. Courtesy.
4. Honesty.
5. Grammar.
6. Reliability.
7. Flexibility.
8. Team skills.
9. Eye contact.
10. Cooperation.
11. Adaptability.
12. Follow rules.
13. Self-directed.
14 Good attitude.
15. Writing skills.
16. Driver's license.
17. Dependability.
18. Advanced math.
19. Self-supervising.
20. Good references.
21. Being drug free.
22. Good attendance.
23. Personal energy.
24. Work experience.
25. Ability to measure.
26. Personal integrity.
27. Good work history.
28. Positive work ethic.
29. Interpersonal skills.
30. Motivational skills.
31. Valuing education.
32. Personal chemistry.
33. Willingness to learn.
34. Common sense.
35. Critical thinking skills.
36. Knowledge of fractions.
37. Reporting to work on time.
38. Use of rulers and calculators.
39. Good personal appearance.
40. Wanting to do a good job.
41. Basic spelling and grammar.
42. Reading and comprehension.
43. Ability to follow regulations.
44. Willingness to be accountable.
45. Ability to fill out a job application.
46. Ability to make production quotas.
47. Basic manufacturing skills training.
48. Awareness of how business works.
49. Staying on the job until it is finished.
50. Ability to read and follow instructions.
51. Willingness to work second and third shifts.
52. Caring about seeing the company succeed.
53. Understanding what the world is all about.
54. Ability to listen and document what you have heard.
55. Commitment to continued training and learning.
56. Willingness to take instruction and responsibility.
57. Ability to relate to coworkers in a close environment.
58. Not expecting to become a supervisor in the first six months.
59. Willingness to be a good worker and go beyond the traditional eight-hour day.
60. Communication skills with public, fellow employees, supervisors, and customers
How to Improve Your Soft Skills
Soft skills play a vital role for professional success; they help one to excel in the workplace and their importance cannot be denied in this age of information and knowledge. Good soft skills -- which are in fact scarce -- in the highly competitive corporate world will help you stand out in a milieu of routine job seekers with mediocre skills and talent.
The Smyth County Industry Council, a governing body based in the US, conducted a survey recently. The results of the survey was called the Workforce Profile which found "an across-the-board unanimous profile of skills and characteristics needed to make a good employee." The people most likely to be hired for available jobs have what employers call "soft skills".
Here were some of the findings according to the workforce study:
The most common traits, mentioned by virtually every employer, were:
~ Positive work ethic.
~ Good attitude.
~ Desire to learn and be trained.
Mohan Rao, a technical director with Emmellen Biotech Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai [ Images ] defines a 'good attitude: "It is a behavioural skill, which cannot be taught. However it can be developed through continuous training. It represents the reactive nature of the individual and is about looking at things with the right perspective. You must be ready to solve problems proactively and create win-win situations. And you must be able to take ownership ie responsibility for your actions and lead from the front without calling it quits at the most critical moment."
Most of the business leaders observed that they could find workers who have "hard skills" ie the capability to operate machinery or fulfill other tasks, but many potential hires lack the "soft skills" that a company needs.
CEOs and human resource managers said they are ready to hire workers who demonstrate a high level of "soft skills" and then train them for the specific jobs available. The ever-changing impact of technology has given hard-skills-only workers a short shelf life.
According to results of the Workforce Profile, (source: www.workforce.com) the more valuable employee is one who can grow and learn as the business changes.
Soft skills "are as important, if not more important, than traditional hard skills to an employer looking to hire -- regardless of industry or job type. This could offer a major breakthrough as educators and training providers seek to develop and cluster training courses to fit business and industry needs."
The Smyth County Industry Council, a governing body based in the US, conducted a survey recently. The results of the survey was called the Workforce Profile which found "an across-the-board unanimous profile of skills and characteristics needed to make a good employee." The people most likely to be hired for available jobs have what employers call "soft skills".
Here were some of the findings according to the workforce study:
The most common traits, mentioned by virtually every employer, were:
~ Positive work ethic.
~ Good attitude.
~ Desire to learn and be trained.
Mohan Rao, a technical director with Emmellen Biotech Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Mumbai [ Images ] defines a 'good attitude: "It is a behavioural skill, which cannot be taught. However it can be developed through continuous training. It represents the reactive nature of the individual and is about looking at things with the right perspective. You must be ready to solve problems proactively and create win-win situations. And you must be able to take ownership ie responsibility for your actions and lead from the front without calling it quits at the most critical moment."
Most of the business leaders observed that they could find workers who have "hard skills" ie the capability to operate machinery or fulfill other tasks, but many potential hires lack the "soft skills" that a company needs.
CEOs and human resource managers said they are ready to hire workers who demonstrate a high level of "soft skills" and then train them for the specific jobs available. The ever-changing impact of technology has given hard-skills-only workers a short shelf life.
According to results of the Workforce Profile, (source: www.workforce.com) the more valuable employee is one who can grow and learn as the business changes.
Soft skills "are as important, if not more important, than traditional hard skills to an employer looking to hire -- regardless of industry or job type. This could offer a major breakthrough as educators and training providers seek to develop and cluster training courses to fit business and industry needs."
Tuesday, July 6, 2010
Monday, July 5, 2010
२० गुर- व्यक्तिव निखारने के लिए
२० गुर- व्यक्तिव निखारने के लिए
जीवन मे हम प्रतिक्षण नवीन अनुभव प्राप्त करते हैं और हमें प्रतिक्षण कई लोगो से मिलना होता है, अत: जीवन मे सफलता प्राप्त करने के लिए या लोकप्रिय बने रहने के लिए २० गुर नीचे दिऐ जा रहे हैं।
हमेशा मुस्कराते रहिए। प्रसन्नता व मुस्कराहट बिखेरने वाले लोगो के सैकडो मित्र होते है। कोई भी व्यक्ति उदास चेहरे के पास बैठ्ना पसंद नही करता।
बातचीत मे अपनी तकलीफों का रोना मत रोइए, क्योकि लोग इस से आप के पास आने से हिचकिचाएगें, वे यही समझेंगे कि उसके पास जाते ही बह अपनी तकलीफों का रामायण पढ्ने लग जाएगा।
दुसरो की तारीफ जी भर कर किजिए पर तारीफ इस तरह होना चाहिए कि समने वाले को ऐसा न लगे कि आप उसे मुर्ख बना रहे है।
बातचीत मे हमेशा सामने वाले को ज्यादा से ज्यादा बोलने का मौका दीजिए और आप यथासम्भव कम बोलिए। ऐसा भी न करे कि आप बिल्कुल चुप रहें।
आप के वस्त्र सूरुचिपूर्ण हों तथा आपकी बातचीत मे किसी प्रकार से हलकापन न हो, आप गम्भीरता से अपनी बात को कहने का प्रयत्न किजिए।
किसी भी अधिकारी या ऊचें से ऊचें व्यक्ति से मिलते समय मन मे किसी प्रकार की हिचकिचाहट अनुभव न किजिए, अपने बात नम्रता से, पर दृढतापूर्वक उस के सामने रखिए।
बार-बार अपनी गलती स्वीकार मत किजिए और बार बार क्षमा याचना करना भी ठीक नही है।
किसी भी प्रकार से अपने उपर क्रोध को हावी मत होने दिजिए। यदि सामने वाला क्रोध करता भी है तो चुपचाप सहन कर लिजिए। केवल क्रोध को सहन करने के बाद ही वह पछताएगा और आप के प्रति उसका सम्मान जरुरत से ज्यादा बढ जाऐगा।
मित्र को या किसी को भी मिलते समय उसको उस के नाम से पुकारिऐ और उस से ऐसी बातचीत किजिए जो उस को रुचिकर हो।
हमेशा आप ऊची सोसाइटी मे रहिए। द्स कलर्को के साथ घूमने के बजाए यदि आप किसी एक अधिकारी के साथ आधे घंटे के लिए भी घूम लेंगे तो लोगो मे आप का सम्मान और प्रतिष्ठा बढ जाएगा।
हमेशा उची स्तर के लोगो से मित्रता रखिए, जो समाज के विभिन्न वर्गो से सम्बंधित हों। यदि आप डाक्टर हैं और आप की चालीस डाक्टरों से आप की मित्रता है तो उस का कोई विषेश लाभ नही। इस की अपेक्षा वकील, इन्कमटैक्स अधिकारी, कुशल व्यापारी, एस. पी आदि से मित्रता या परिचय आप के लिए ज्यादा अनुकूल रहेगा।
आप यथासंभव कम से कम असत्य बोलिए,क्योकि असत्य ज्यादा समय तक नही चलता।
अपने आपको हमेशा तरो ताज़ा रखिए क्योकि बीमार, सुस्त और यदि आप थके हुए लगेगें तो आप ज्यादा उन्नति नही कर पाऐगे और न समाज मे ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हो सकेगें।
कभी भी हलके रिस्तरां या होटल मे मत बैठिए। चाहे एक सप्ताह मे केवल एक बार ही एक कप चाए लें पर ऊची व स्टैण्डर्ड के होटल मे ले, क्योकि वहां आप की टेबल पर जो कोई भी बैठा होगा वह समाज का ऊचें स्तर का होगा और उससे दोस्ती भी आप को समाज मे ऊचाई की ओर ले जाएगी, इस के विपरित हल्के होटल मे आप के दो पैसे ज़रुर कम लगेगें पर आप का स्तर हलका होगा और भूल से भी किसी परिचित ने आप को वहां देख लिया तो उस की नज़र मे आप का सम्मान कम होगा।
सडक पर खडे खडे कुछ मत खाईये, इसी प्रकार असभ्य भाषा का प्रयोग करते हुए साथियो के बीच भी न खाऐं तो ज्यादा उचित होगा।
वस्त्र साफ हों, स्वच्छ और आप के प्रकृति के अनुकूल हों लोगों को देख कर या उनके अनुकूल कपडे पहना आपकी व्यक्तिव (Personality) के अनुकूल नही होगा।
साल मे एक या दो बार अपने मित्रो या अधिकारियों को उपहार अवश्य दें चाहे वह उपहार कम कीमत की ही क्यो न हो पर उपहार ऐसा होना चाहिए जो स्थाई हो, जो उसके ड्राइग रुम मे रखा हुआ रह सके।
अपनी स्मरण शक्ति प्रखर रखिए, यथासंभव मित्रो व परिचितों के नाम याद रखिए।
इस बात का ध्यान रखिए कि आप की बातचीत से सामने वाले का ईगो संतुष्ट होना चाहिए।
सामने वाला जिस प्रकार का या जिस रुची का व्यक्ति हो उसी के अनुरुप बातचीत करें
यह गुर जितने साधारण है उतने ही प्रभावशाली हैं यदि आप इन्हे अपने दैनिक कार्यो मे अपनाएगे तो निश्चय ही आप के व्यक्तिव (personality) मे चार चांद लग जाएंगे। आप का प्रभाव दुसरो पर स्थाई रहेगा। यह पढने व देखने मे जितना आसान है उतना ही दैनिक कार्यों मे अपनाना कठिन भी। क्योकि आदमी अपनी आदतों से बंधा होता है और किसी भी नई आदत या शैली को अपनाने के लिए वक्त लगता है।
इस प्रकार आप उपरोक्त गुरों को अपना कर समाज मे श्रेष्ठ बनने का प्रयास किजिए जिससे आप ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हो सके।
जीवन मे हम प्रतिक्षण नवीन अनुभव प्राप्त करते हैं और हमें प्रतिक्षण कई लोगो से मिलना होता है, अत: जीवन मे सफलता प्राप्त करने के लिए या लोकप्रिय बने रहने के लिए २० गुर नीचे दिऐ जा रहे हैं।
हमेशा मुस्कराते रहिए। प्रसन्नता व मुस्कराहट बिखेरने वाले लोगो के सैकडो मित्र होते है। कोई भी व्यक्ति उदास चेहरे के पास बैठ्ना पसंद नही करता।
बातचीत मे अपनी तकलीफों का रोना मत रोइए, क्योकि लोग इस से आप के पास आने से हिचकिचाएगें, वे यही समझेंगे कि उसके पास जाते ही बह अपनी तकलीफों का रामायण पढ्ने लग जाएगा।
दुसरो की तारीफ जी भर कर किजिए पर तारीफ इस तरह होना चाहिए कि समने वाले को ऐसा न लगे कि आप उसे मुर्ख बना रहे है।
बातचीत मे हमेशा सामने वाले को ज्यादा से ज्यादा बोलने का मौका दीजिए और आप यथासम्भव कम बोलिए। ऐसा भी न करे कि आप बिल्कुल चुप रहें।
आप के वस्त्र सूरुचिपूर्ण हों तथा आपकी बातचीत मे किसी प्रकार से हलकापन न हो, आप गम्भीरता से अपनी बात को कहने का प्रयत्न किजिए।
किसी भी अधिकारी या ऊचें से ऊचें व्यक्ति से मिलते समय मन मे किसी प्रकार की हिचकिचाहट अनुभव न किजिए, अपने बात नम्रता से, पर दृढतापूर्वक उस के सामने रखिए।
बार-बार अपनी गलती स्वीकार मत किजिए और बार बार क्षमा याचना करना भी ठीक नही है।
किसी भी प्रकार से अपने उपर क्रोध को हावी मत होने दिजिए। यदि सामने वाला क्रोध करता भी है तो चुपचाप सहन कर लिजिए। केवल क्रोध को सहन करने के बाद ही वह पछताएगा और आप के प्रति उसका सम्मान जरुरत से ज्यादा बढ जाऐगा।
मित्र को या किसी को भी मिलते समय उसको उस के नाम से पुकारिऐ और उस से ऐसी बातचीत किजिए जो उस को रुचिकर हो।
हमेशा आप ऊची सोसाइटी मे रहिए। द्स कलर्को के साथ घूमने के बजाए यदि आप किसी एक अधिकारी के साथ आधे घंटे के लिए भी घूम लेंगे तो लोगो मे आप का सम्मान और प्रतिष्ठा बढ जाएगा।
हमेशा उची स्तर के लोगो से मित्रता रखिए, जो समाज के विभिन्न वर्गो से सम्बंधित हों। यदि आप डाक्टर हैं और आप की चालीस डाक्टरों से आप की मित्रता है तो उस का कोई विषेश लाभ नही। इस की अपेक्षा वकील, इन्कमटैक्स अधिकारी, कुशल व्यापारी, एस. पी आदि से मित्रता या परिचय आप के लिए ज्यादा अनुकूल रहेगा।
आप यथासंभव कम से कम असत्य बोलिए,क्योकि असत्य ज्यादा समय तक नही चलता।
अपने आपको हमेशा तरो ताज़ा रखिए क्योकि बीमार, सुस्त और यदि आप थके हुए लगेगें तो आप ज्यादा उन्नति नही कर पाऐगे और न समाज मे ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हो सकेगें।
कभी भी हलके रिस्तरां या होटल मे मत बैठिए। चाहे एक सप्ताह मे केवल एक बार ही एक कप चाए लें पर ऊची व स्टैण्डर्ड के होटल मे ले, क्योकि वहां आप की टेबल पर जो कोई भी बैठा होगा वह समाज का ऊचें स्तर का होगा और उससे दोस्ती भी आप को समाज मे ऊचाई की ओर ले जाएगी, इस के विपरित हल्के होटल मे आप के दो पैसे ज़रुर कम लगेगें पर आप का स्तर हलका होगा और भूल से भी किसी परिचित ने आप को वहां देख लिया तो उस की नज़र मे आप का सम्मान कम होगा।
सडक पर खडे खडे कुछ मत खाईये, इसी प्रकार असभ्य भाषा का प्रयोग करते हुए साथियो के बीच भी न खाऐं तो ज्यादा उचित होगा।
वस्त्र साफ हों, स्वच्छ और आप के प्रकृति के अनुकूल हों लोगों को देख कर या उनके अनुकूल कपडे पहना आपकी व्यक्तिव (Personality) के अनुकूल नही होगा।
साल मे एक या दो बार अपने मित्रो या अधिकारियों को उपहार अवश्य दें चाहे वह उपहार कम कीमत की ही क्यो न हो पर उपहार ऐसा होना चाहिए जो स्थाई हो, जो उसके ड्राइग रुम मे रखा हुआ रह सके।
अपनी स्मरण शक्ति प्रखर रखिए, यथासंभव मित्रो व परिचितों के नाम याद रखिए।
इस बात का ध्यान रखिए कि आप की बातचीत से सामने वाले का ईगो संतुष्ट होना चाहिए।
सामने वाला जिस प्रकार का या जिस रुची का व्यक्ति हो उसी के अनुरुप बातचीत करें
यह गुर जितने साधारण है उतने ही प्रभावशाली हैं यदि आप इन्हे अपने दैनिक कार्यो मे अपनाएगे तो निश्चय ही आप के व्यक्तिव (personality) मे चार चांद लग जाएंगे। आप का प्रभाव दुसरो पर स्थाई रहेगा। यह पढने व देखने मे जितना आसान है उतना ही दैनिक कार्यों मे अपनाना कठिन भी। क्योकि आदमी अपनी आदतों से बंधा होता है और किसी भी नई आदत या शैली को अपनाने के लिए वक्त लगता है।
इस प्रकार आप उपरोक्त गुरों को अपना कर समाज मे श्रेष्ठ बनने का प्रयास किजिए जिससे आप ज्यादा लोकप्रिय हो सके।
Characteristics Of A Healthy Personality
Characteristics Of A Healthy Personality
We often hear people comment that a certain person has a great personality or that he needs to develop one. A personality is a combination of all the small factors that add up to make a person’s mental constitution. Having a healthy personality plays a key role in defining the person who wields it. The key to having a healthy personality is to strike a balance with all the elements that make up day to day life. On the face of it, a person with a healthy personality is cheerful and does not get stressed easily. A healthy personality will enable a person to think clearly and with reason when everyone else is following a convention. People with a healthy personality have strength of character and have individuality of their own. If a person displays a healthy personality, it indicates that he or she is in good mental health and can be trusted to conduct themselves in a respectable manner and set good examples to follow. The greatest plus point about having a healthy personality is that it allows for a fulfilling and meaningful life.
Traits Of A Health Personality
A person with a healthy personality has the ability to adapt to his or her social environment.
A healthy personality allows the person to be a good listener and a better advisor. It also enables a person to be able to understand others easily.
A person with a healthy personality will have a lot of common sense and will display presence of mind when it comes to solving problems (big and small).
A person with a healthy personality will not follow convention without due cause. The healthy personality lets the person be comfortable with whom they are and the way they look.
A healthy personality ensures that a person takes great care of his outward appearance and always presents himself with dignity.
A healthy personality is magnetic and attracts other to it. A person with a healthy personality will always display a positive attitude and be cheerful.
When faced with a personal tragedy, a healthy personality allows a person to overcome the tragedy without falling prey to depression and contempt. Healthy personalities are also indicative of emotional stability. It also allows people to be able to express themselves without hesitation or offence.
A healthy personality allows a person to function well independently and as part of a team.
The healthy personality enables a person to see others for who they are to be able to handle them accordingly.
People with health personalities do not feel the need to make everyone conform to their views.
A healthy personality is also displayed in a person’s desire to stay healthy (physically).
We often hear people comment that a certain person has a great personality or that he needs to develop one. A personality is a combination of all the small factors that add up to make a person’s mental constitution. Having a healthy personality plays a key role in defining the person who wields it. The key to having a healthy personality is to strike a balance with all the elements that make up day to day life. On the face of it, a person with a healthy personality is cheerful and does not get stressed easily. A healthy personality will enable a person to think clearly and with reason when everyone else is following a convention. People with a healthy personality have strength of character and have individuality of their own. If a person displays a healthy personality, it indicates that he or she is in good mental health and can be trusted to conduct themselves in a respectable manner and set good examples to follow. The greatest plus point about having a healthy personality is that it allows for a fulfilling and meaningful life.
Traits Of A Health Personality
A person with a healthy personality has the ability to adapt to his or her social environment.
A healthy personality allows the person to be a good listener and a better advisor. It also enables a person to be able to understand others easily.
A person with a healthy personality will have a lot of common sense and will display presence of mind when it comes to solving problems (big and small).
A person with a healthy personality will not follow convention without due cause. The healthy personality lets the person be comfortable with whom they are and the way they look.
A healthy personality ensures that a person takes great care of his outward appearance and always presents himself with dignity.
A healthy personality is magnetic and attracts other to it. A person with a healthy personality will always display a positive attitude and be cheerful.
When faced with a personal tragedy, a healthy personality allows a person to overcome the tragedy without falling prey to depression and contempt. Healthy personalities are also indicative of emotional stability. It also allows people to be able to express themselves without hesitation or offence.
A healthy personality allows a person to function well independently and as part of a team.
The healthy personality enables a person to see others for who they are to be able to handle them accordingly.
People with health personalities do not feel the need to make everyone conform to their views.
A healthy personality is also displayed in a person’s desire to stay healthy (physically).
What Your Handshake Says About You
Body language is one of the forms of communication that makes use of various body areas or parts to convey a message. A handshake is one such gesture that is used to greet others, meet new people or close a deal or agreement. The way we shake hands shows the kind of a person we are. It conveys power, confidence, character and professionalism. Did you know that a lot can be deduced about a person from a single handshake? While a firm handshake with the hand facing downwards and arm extended shows that you are confident, a hand pointing upwards is a weak handshake thereby indicating that you are shy, uncomfortable or nervous. Read on further to know what our handshake says about us.
What Does Your Handshake Mean
Flabby Handshake
A flabby handshake is made by a person who is a pessimist. Also known as a limp-fish handshake, this is considered as the most unimpressive handshakes among all.
Prison Handshake
A person making a prison handshake will offer a firm hand keeping your hand in his for a long duration, not willing to give it back to you. People making such a handshake seem to be expecting something from your side.
Robot Handshake
A robot handshake is one that is offered automatically without any noticeable thought or feeling. This simply shows that the person is simply not interested and is indifferent towards you.
Jackhammer Handshake
People who are a little inflexible tend to make a jackhammer handshake as they think that their way is the right one, come what may. They will make a dynamic and forceful handshake indicating their power and determination.
Squeezing Handshake
People who tend to show their strength and power make a squeezing handshake. This is done to cover up their feelings of diffidence. Some people assume this handshake to be a sexual connotation.
Next-to-the-body Handshake
People who are not willing to take risks, such as politicians, make a next-to-the-body handshake. This is made by keeping the arm close to the body and bending it only at the elbow to perform a handshake.
Normal Handshake
A normal handshake is one that is made briefly and firmly. To convey confidence and professionalism, this is the best handshake to execute.
Queen’s Handshake
A person who offers his fingers, instead of his palm for making a handshake is said to be making a Queen’s handshake. This handshake indicates a sense of superiority
PERSONALITY TIPS.
Every man who wants to develop his personality also wants to become popular. Man’s life is a burden without popularity. If we leave aside certain action, there is not much difference between a man and an animal. Everybody can be popular if he/you takes care of these few enlisted personality development tips-
If you want to progress in life than honestly analyze the traits of your character.
Do not laugh at people when they are in difficulty or trouble other wise you will loose your personality in a moment.
This is a great way to develop your personality by listening everyone politely, even if their ideas are baseless or not of your interest.
During conversation do not keep talking yourself too much.
When ever somebody brings any gift for you, don’t forget to praise it. It does not matter even if you were expecting something else.
Make other feel that you love them.
Keep your moral high in case of defeat and be more polite on being victorious.
Solve your problems in a creative way. Try your best not to let these spoil your relations with your friends.
Enlist your bad habits and try to get rid of them.
We should not uplift our standard of living but also help others to do so. Try to remove the feeling of inferiority in others by loving them and by keeping good behavior towards them.
Be careful of what your say about others because others will say the same thing about us at different times and at different places and in this way form a public opinion about us.
Some people often have a favorite sentence which they repeat frequently. We should try and get rid and get rid of such a habit.
Independence increases our good qualities and personality and slavery bad qualities.
Independent thinking and freedom to work is the only source of progress and welfare.
Love is the greatest magic in this world. You can do every thing with help of love. Develop this arT
to improve your personality.
Positive attitude is of great importance in our personality. No body like people who have narrowed out look. In life only that person is considered well behaved who has positive and healthy bend of mind.
The real beauty of man lies not in his physical appearance but in his work and good qualities. That is why it is important that we improve mental outlook to develop our personality.
Every individual should develop the ability to adjust with others, because basically man is a social animal, so one can not survive by living alone.
Some people keep repeating a particular statement and it becomes a part of their nature. At the most you may repeat a statement twice but it you do it more than that it leaves a bad impact.
If you want to progress in life than honestly analyze the traits of your character.
Do not laugh at people when they are in difficulty or trouble other wise you will loose your personality in a moment.
This is a great way to develop your personality by listening everyone politely, even if their ideas are baseless or not of your interest.
During conversation do not keep talking yourself too much.
When ever somebody brings any gift for you, don’t forget to praise it. It does not matter even if you were expecting something else.
Make other feel that you love them.
Keep your moral high in case of defeat and be more polite on being victorious.
Solve your problems in a creative way. Try your best not to let these spoil your relations with your friends.
Enlist your bad habits and try to get rid of them.
We should not uplift our standard of living but also help others to do so. Try to remove the feeling of inferiority in others by loving them and by keeping good behavior towards them.
Be careful of what your say about others because others will say the same thing about us at different times and at different places and in this way form a public opinion about us.
Some people often have a favorite sentence which they repeat frequently. We should try and get rid and get rid of such a habit.
Independence increases our good qualities and personality and slavery bad qualities.
Independent thinking and freedom to work is the only source of progress and welfare.
Love is the greatest magic in this world. You can do every thing with help of love. Develop this arT
to improve your personality.
Positive attitude is of great importance in our personality. No body like people who have narrowed out look. In life only that person is considered well behaved who has positive and healthy bend of mind.
The real beauty of man lies not in his physical appearance but in his work and good qualities. That is why it is important that we improve mental outlook to develop our personality.
Every individual should develop the ability to adjust with others, because basically man is a social animal, so one can not survive by living alone.
Some people keep repeating a particular statement and it becomes a part of their nature. At the most you may repeat a statement twice but it you do it more than that it leaves a bad impact.
ABOUT PDP
Personality Development quintessentially means enhancing and grooming one’s outer and inner self to bring about a positive change to your life. Each individual has a distinct persona that can be developed, polished and refined. This process includes boosting one’s confidence, improving communication and language speaking abilities, widening ones scope of knowledge, developing certain hobbies or skills, learningThe whole process of this development takes place over a period of time. Even though there are many crash courses in personality development that are made available to people of all age groups, implementing this to your routine and bringing about a positive change in oneself takes a considerable amount of time. It is not necessary to join a personality development course; one can take a few tips and develop his or her own aura or charm.
• You may have heard this a million times “Think Positive”. It works.
• Smile. And smile some more. It adds to your face value and to your personality as well.
• Read a few articles in the newspaper loudly. This will help in communicating fluently.
• Follow table manners and dining etiquettes
• Take good care of your health, dress well, be neat and organized
• Prepare a chart that mentions your strengths and weaknesses. Now concentrate on the latter and find ways to improve upon the same. Do not forget to strengthen your strengths.
• Spend some time alone concentrating on you and yourself alone.
• Practice meditation and yoga. It will help you develop inner peace and harmony that will reflect outside.
• Do not live a monotonous life. Be creative and do something new all the time. Nothing bigger than the joy of creative satisfaction.
•
Personality development is gaining more and more importance because it enables people to create a good impression about themselves on others; it helps them to build and develop relationships, helps in your career growth and also helps to improve your financial needs.
After all, personality development is nothing but a tool that helps you realize your capabilities and your strengths making you a stronger, a happier and a cheerful person.
Today, personality is considered the “Brand Image’ of an individual. In simple terms it is made up of three aspects namely:
Character
Behavior
Attitude
Basically, personality development is the improvement of behavior, communication skills, interpersonal relationships, attitude towards life and ethics. Character can be considered the basic factor in determining and individual’s personality. There are several psychologists who say that improving character and behavior alone will largely influence one’s personality. It is a fact that all other factors behind a powerful personality will become useless if the person lacks a good character and behavior.
Personality is like a building. Just as a building can exist only when it has a strong foundation, a personality can impress others only when it has a formidable basis. And the strong foundation is supplied by character and behavior. If personality is developed on the solid base of values and ethics, it will last forever. period.
• You may have heard this a million times “Think Positive”. It works.
• Smile. And smile some more. It adds to your face value and to your personality as well.
• Read a few articles in the newspaper loudly. This will help in communicating fluently.
• Follow table manners and dining etiquettes
• Take good care of your health, dress well, be neat and organized
• Prepare a chart that mentions your strengths and weaknesses. Now concentrate on the latter and find ways to improve upon the same. Do not forget to strengthen your strengths.
• Spend some time alone concentrating on you and yourself alone.
• Practice meditation and yoga. It will help you develop inner peace and harmony that will reflect outside.
• Do not live a monotonous life. Be creative and do something new all the time. Nothing bigger than the joy of creative satisfaction.
•
Personality development is gaining more and more importance because it enables people to create a good impression about themselves on others; it helps them to build and develop relationships, helps in your career growth and also helps to improve your financial needs.
After all, personality development is nothing but a tool that helps you realize your capabilities and your strengths making you a stronger, a happier and a cheerful person.
Today, personality is considered the “Brand Image’ of an individual. In simple terms it is made up of three aspects namely:
Character
Behavior
Attitude
Basically, personality development is the improvement of behavior, communication skills, interpersonal relationships, attitude towards life and ethics. Character can be considered the basic factor in determining and individual’s personality. There are several psychologists who say that improving character and behavior alone will largely influence one’s personality. It is a fact that all other factors behind a powerful personality will become useless if the person lacks a good character and behavior.
Personality is like a building. Just as a building can exist only when it has a strong foundation, a personality can impress others only when it has a formidable basis. And the strong foundation is supplied by character and behavior. If personality is developed on the solid base of values and ethics, it will last forever. period.
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